50/125μm VS 62.5/125μm Multimode Optical Fiber

Multimode fiber is qualified at two primary wavelengths, there are 850nm (short wavelength) and 1300nm (long wavelength). The TIA-568 requirements for minimum bandwidth of 62.5 fiber is 160 MHz/km at 850nm and 500 MHz/km at 1300nm which usually abbreviated as a bandwidth of 160/500 MHz·km. ISO 11801, the international “equivalent” of TIA-568 has minimum bandwidth requirements of 200/500. In both cases, the lower bandwidth of 62.5μm at 850nm is obvious. That lower bandwidth at 850nm becomes problematic when using VCSEL sources.

On the other hand，50μm optical fiber, has a minimum bandwidth requirement of 500/500 MHz/km. It is manufactured to have a peak bandwidth of ~980nm, thus providing good bandwidth at both wavelengths of interest. Because 50/125μm optical fiber has equal bandwidth at both short and long wavelengths, it is capable of supporting technologies bandwidth at both short and long wavelengths, it is capable of supporting technologies equally well at either window of operation.

The IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet committee published two physical layer specifications for fiber, 1000BASE-SX (short wavelength) and 1000BASE-LX (long wavelength). VCSELs are used for 1000BASE-SX transceivers, so the SX electronics will be significantly less expensive than 1000BASE-LX transceivers using a conventional single-mode laser. IEEE 802.3z says that 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX will operate up to 550 meters on 500/500 MHz·km 50-micron fiber. However, according to IEEE, 1000BASE-SX will operate only up to 220 meters on standard 160/500 MHz·km or up to 275 meters with 200/500 MHz·km fiber. These operating distances are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: IEEE Distance Capability of Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber



While these distaces are far longer than those of 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-TX on UTP cabling, in fact,the 62.5μm fibers do not reach 300m, the distance allowed for multimode fiber in the building riser by TIA-568, becomes problematic for new installations and for existing installations as well.

The distance limitations of 62.5/125μm may prevent an existing network from operating at gigabit per second speeds today, and may pose a greater concern in the event of any facility expansions in the future. 50-micron optical fiber, on contrast, can support over 95% of all the installed fiber network links, while still allowing distance expansions in the future. 50/125 optical fiber will support horizontal cabling (100 meters maximum), centralized cabling (300 meters maximum), and intra-building (inside) backbone cabling (300 meters maximum). The following products shows 62.5/125μm fiber, the products below is Duplex 62.5/125 OM1 Fiber.

 

This is a orange bulk 1000 foot spool of fiber optic cable which intended for large installations where you are completing the terminations. It is a 62.5μm multimode fiber designed to transmit data across shorter distances at LAN speeds. Multimode fiber is optimized to work with fiber optic equipment using light wave lengths of 850nm (nanometers) or 1300nm. The cord is duplex (two fibers) which means it permits synchronous communication between devices. The cladding diameter is 125 microns.

Short-wavelength laser-based technology, the most cost-effective fiber technology today,restricts the application of gigabit speeds on 62.5/125μm to the horizontal space and do not fully support the requirements of centralized and intra-building backbones. On the other hand, 50/125μm can be used for gigabit data rates in horizontal, centralized and intrabuilding backbone segments. The following products shows 50/125μm fiber, the products below is Duplex OM2 50/125 Multimode LC-SC Fiber.

It is specifically designed for use with today's narrower aperture components, this cable is fully compatible with multimode applications. The patented injection molding process provides each connection greater durability in resisting pulls, strains and impacts from cabling installs.

Additionally, 50/125μm infrastructure also works with the same LED-based LAN electronics that are installed and still being supplied. Today’s optical fiber hubs, switches, NIC cards and media converters are multi-mode products not specifically designed to operate with one fiber type or the other. The same connectors are utilized for 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm fiber networks. So, 50-micron optical fiber works well with today’s readily-available LED-based components while providing a seamless migration into laser-based technology, thus making it the best choice. Figure 1 shows the recommended application space for each fiber type.

Figure 1: Fiber Types, Data Rates and Distances
 

The Specific Instructions of Optical Fiber Patch Cord

Optical fiber communication refers to modulate voice, video and data signals to the optical fiber as a communication transmission medium. Optical fiber can be divide into multimode fiber and single mode fiber.

The central glass core of single-mode fiber is fine (core diameter is usually 9 or 10μm), it only can transfer one mode light. The mode dispersion is small, and it is for remote communication, but it plays a major role in the chromatic dispersion, so that the spectral width of the single mode fiber has a higher light stability and the requirement that the spectral width is narrower and better stability. 1000 Mb/s fiber optic transmission distance is 550m-100km. As we all know, we commonly see 9/125μm single mode fiber patch cable in the market. And Single-mode 9/125um Fiber Optic Patch Cables are recommended for Fast, Gigabit, 10G Ethernet or SONET OC3-OC192 rate optical connections. Low prices make the 9/125um fiber attractive for in-building projects too, because of the reliability and choice of using a single-strand of fiber for same communications (simplex cords are used on Bi-Directional data links).

The central glass core of Multimode fiber is coarse (50 or 62.5μm), multiple modes of light can pass. However, its mode dispersion is among large, which limits the frequency of the transmitted digital signal, and with the increase in distance will be more severe. Multi-mode fiber transmission distance is relatively recent, generally only a few kilometers. 1000 Mb/s fiber optic transmission distance is 220m-550m. In general, we can find 62.5/125um Multi-mode fiber optic cable in the market. 62.5/125um Multimode Fiber Cables are recommended for Fast Ethernet and up to OC3/STM1 rate optical connections. They can also be used for Gigabit Ethernet multi-mode connections on distances less than 275 meters. 62.5/125um fiber is most used inside buildings.

In the network wiring, the more applications optic fiber has three types, there are 62.5μm/125μm multimode fiber, 50μm/125μm multimode fiber, and 9μm/125μm singlemode fiber. According to the rate and transmission distance, we can distinguish and choose single/multimode optic fiber. Tied the fiber bundle, outside has the protective housing, which is called fiber cable. According to different application environments, the cable can be divided into indoor and outdoor fiber optic cable.

Fiber refers that the fiber jumper with a desktop computer or device connected directly to facilitate the connection and manage the device. Fiber jumpers are also divided into two multimode and single-mode, which are connected with single mode and multimode fiber. Jumper for an active connection cable between the two devices without connectors (as distinguished: patch (patch cord) is one or both ends with connectors; jumper is at both ends of the cable has a fiber optic connectors, the device can be directly connected, but only one end of the fiber pigtail connector and the other end to the fiber splicing).

Fiber patch cord connector shape can be divided according to: FC, SC, ST, LC, etc. According TO ferrule grinding mode, it can be divided into: PC (plane), UPC (spherical surface), APC (8 degrees inclined plane ) and other (cable optical transceiver general requirements FC / APC connector). According to type of optical fiber, it can be divided into single-mode optical fiber, 50/125 multimode, 62.5/125 multimode and Gigabit, etc. According to the optical fiber connetor, we commonly see LC, SC fiber patch cord in the market, the following products are LC-SC Fiber in our online store, if you have interest, you can go to our store to have a see.

 

Fiber patch cord products are widely applied, it applies in communications room, fiber to the home, local area networks, fiber optic sensors, fiber optic communication systems, fiber optic transmission equipment connected, defense readiness and so on. Apply to cable television, telecommunications networks, computer networks and optical fiber test equipment. Broken down mainly used in several ways.

American Simon Launched MTP Pre-terminated Armored Cable

Based on all series high-performance plug and play of MTP Fiber, pre-terminated fiber optic cable increases the variety of armored cable options. These armored cable supports 40Gb / s and 100Gb / s of OM3 and OM4 which laser optimized multimode fiber optic cable, there are also standard 62.5/125 and 50/125 multimode fiber optic cable, and single-mode fiber optic cable with a package of interlocking spiral aluminum armor. It provides more than seven times than standard cable extrusion resistance. It provide durable and reliable support for the building backbone and horizontal installations in different environments. At the same time, it reduces non-armored cable to protect the common pipeline needs. Compared to add non-armored cable installation conduit, armored cable can be used more than 50% savings in installation costs of materials and labor.

American Simon's pre-terminated 12-core armored cable increments, from 12 cores to 144 cores, the custom lengths precisely meet user needs, and effectively put a high-performance high-density fiber connections exactly on user desired location. These new armored cable become a part of high performance MTP plug and play fiber optic cable of Simon full range. Siemon plug and play solution for all terminated and tested by the factory to ensure the maximum channel throughput, ensure that the key to the future of 40Gb / s and 100 Gb / s applications support.

Whether armored or non-armored, Simon multimode OM3 and OM4 MTP cable have been passed by the Experior third-party independent testing laboratory, according to the latest IEC 1280-4-1 Edition 2 and TIA/EIA-455 -171A standard has sufficient performance margin, confirming support for 40Gb / s and 100 Gb / s applications. These latest IEC and TIA / EIA test process using the new Encircled Flux method that limits the negative effects of the variable optical transmitter mode brings to obtain a more accurate insertion loss multimode optical fiber test and reversal of loss results. Encircled flux method compared to the previous test method can reduce up to 75% of the variability of the test, to ensure more accurate results, and helps eliminate false pass rate. Encircled flux test all Simon products shows that simon has more than 60% of the significant performance headroom.

In order to ensure that each plug and play products are maintained at high performance levels, Simon fiber interfaces for all in accordance with IEC 61300-3-30 Ed 1.0 standards do 100% automated end-face inspection, those restrictions will greatly reduce system performance of surface contaminants. In addition, Siemon plug and play but also on all products in the 850nm and 1300nm two bands do bidirectional insertion loss and return loss testing, and contains a single test results in each product package.

Siemon plug and play the full range of fiber optic solutions include the MTP to LC / SC Plug and Play modules, MTP to MTP adapter panels, and expanded pre-terminated MTP to MTP cable, MTP to LC fiber jumper. The Proucts about LC / SC  Fiber optic cable from fibersotre, seeing following products picture.

Duplex 10G OM4 50/125 Multimode LC-SC Fiber Patch Cable




If you want to buy MTP Optic Fiber products, you can go to our fiberstore, choose the high quality but reasonable price MTP Fiber products. The following are some MTP products from fiberstore, you can clik to have a see, find the useful products for you.



Multi-mode 62.5/125um MPO/MTP OM1 Fiber Optic Cable 12 Fibers

The Progress of Multimod Fiber

In 1976, Corning developed 50/125μm by the graded-index multimode fiber and 1983 by Lucent Bell Labs developed 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber, they are two larger amount of Multimode Fiber. The cladding diameter and mechanical properties of these two fibers are same, but different transmission characteristics. They can provide such as Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI protocols specified in the standard distance required bandwidth, and it can be upgraded to Gb/s rate.

The new multimode fiber standard grades issued by ISO / IEC 11801, Multimode fiber is divided into four categories, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4. OM1 and OM2 refer to traditional 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm multimode fiber. OM3 and OM4 refer to the new Gigabit 50/125μm multimode fiber.

62.5/125μm Graded-index Multimode fiber(OM1,OM2)

Common 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Alb type. As the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm fiber is greater, which has a strong anti-concentrating ability and bending characteristics, especially in the 20th century, before the mid-1990s, the lower the rate of the LAN, less demanding on the fiber bandwidth, thus making this fiber to obtain the most widely used, becomes 20 years between the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s mainstream products in most countries data communications fiber market. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types of Alb full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm).

Now you can see the follow products about 62.5 Multimode Fiber

 

SMA905- SMA905 Duplex OM1 62.5/125 Dia2.5mm Fiber Patch Cable from Fiberstore

50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber（OM1,OM2）

Common 50/125μm OM2 Fiber graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Ala.1 type. Historically, in order to reduce as much as possible the cost of the LAN system, widely used inexpensive LED as the light source, rather than expensive LD. Since the LED output power is low, the divergence angle is much larger than LD, while the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 50/125μm multimode fiber are relatively small, is not conducive to efficient coupling with the LED, as large core diameter and numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm (Alb class) fiber enables more light power coupled into the fiber link to, therefore, 50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber in the mid-90s as good as 62.5/125μm (Alb class) that is widely used fiber.

Since the 20th century, a local area network developed up to lGb / s rate, it didn't meet the requirement 62.5/125μm OM1 Fiber bandwidth with LED light source. Compared with 62.5/125μm multimode fiber, 50/125μm multimode fiber core diameter and a numerical aperture smaller, 50/125μm gradient in the number of multi-mode fiber conduction mode refractive index of about 62.5/125μm multimode fiber conduction mode 1/2.5, thus effectively reducing the modal dispersion of a multimode optical fiber, such that the bandwidth is significantly increased production costs .50/125μm multimode optical fiber is reduced to about 1/3. So make it again been widely used. IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet standard provides 50/125μm multimode and 62.5/125μm multimode fiber can be used as a transmission medium using Gigabit Ethernet. But for the new network is generally preferred 50/125μm multimode fiber. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types are Ala. 1 full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) and 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm).

OM3 Optical Fiber

Traditional OM1 and OM2 multimode fiber from the standard mode and design are based LED, as the operating wavelength of 850 nm, a low price VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) and the emergence of wide application, 850nm importance window increased. VCSEL can be lower than the price of long-wavelength lasers to improve network speed to the user. 50/125μm multimode fiber has a higher bandwidth 850nm window, low price VCSEL can support longer transmission distances for Gigabit Ethernet protocol, and the high rate support longer distances. With the improvement of network speed and size, modulation rates up to 10Gb/s short-wavelength VCSEL laser light sources become one of the high-speed network. Since the difference between the two light-emitting devices, optical fibers must transform itself to adapt to changes in light. In order to meet the needs of 10 Gb / s transfer rate, the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) and the Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA) joint drafting of a new generation of 50 μm core multimode fiber standard. ISO/IEC in the new multi-mode fiber grade they will develop a new generation of multi-mode fiber is zoned 0M3 category (IEC standard A1a.2).

OM4 Optical Fiber

OM4 optical fiber is optimized for the 50μm core multimode fiber, currently, the OM4 (IEC standard A1a.3) criteria is actually an upgraded version of an OM3 multimode fiber. Compared with standard OM3 OM4 fiber, fiber bandwidth indicators just do upgrade. That OM4 standards are made ​​to improve the 850nm wavelength effective modal bandwidth (EMB) and the full bandwidth of the injection (OFL) compared to OM3 fiber.

The Introduction Of Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber

Multimode optical fiber transmission performance is mainly limited by the phenomenon of DMD multimode fiber. Multimode optical fiber in the transmission during the pulse, an optical pulse broadening will diverge when such severe divergence condition to a certain extent, between the front pulse is superimposed on each other, so that the receiver can not accurately distinguish each of the optical fiber pulse signal, this phenomenon we called DMD (Differential Mode Delay).There are two main reason, first, the core refractive index distribution is not perfect. Multimode Fiber Cables DMD is the combined effect of the dispersion characteristic of the propagation time between the different radial positions of the incident pulse and the optical mode, the index multimode fiber refractive index profile can be designed well DMD characteristics. But DMD of refractive index profile is very sensitive to small deviations, and therefore it must be very precisely controlled in multimode fiber production, to achieve the perfect design values ??of the refractive index profile distribution. Second, the fiber central depression. A central depression is the refractive index of the fiber core center of decreased phenomenon. This recesses is connection with optical fiber manufacturing process. This will affect the transmission characteristics of the central depression of the fiber, the fiber properties decrease.

Therefore, precise control of the refractive index profile of the fiber and the elimination of the central depression is 10Gb / s Ethernet multimode fiber (OM3 fiber) R & D and production of the main tasks. MCVD and PCVD process is more suitable for the production of OM3 fiber preform. PCVD is the preferred method of manufacturing a multi-mode optical fiber having a number of layers deposited, precise control of the cross-sectional characteristics, the deposition process thousands layer can effectively control the doping amount of the deposited layer to obtain a refractive index distribution required to comply with the theoretical . While the process of collapsing, the recess etching amount by controlling the appearance of pore size can be avoided and the central hub.

10Gb / s Ethernet standard IEEE802.3ae get through, it will a 10Gb / s Ethernet market presented. Development in line with standard Gigabit Ethernet communication products is imperative. Long Fei, Draka, Corning, OFS have been successfully developed in line with TIA/EIA-4Array2AAAC standard 50/125mm laser optimized multimode graded-index optical fiber distribution products. Full bandwidth and DMD injection test results show that the 850nm wavelength, the optical fiber can support the transmission distance of 300 meters above the 10Gigabit network system. Meanwhile, the fiber also supports 10Gigabit Fibre Channel abd 10Gigabit of the OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) standards, and is compatible with low-rate LED light transmission network.

With the rapid development of FTTx, a large multi-mode optical fiber into the interior, in the indoor environment and the narrow wiring, fiber is subjected to high bending stresses, especially in applications where long fibers are usually more compact wound storage box, it will be under a lot of fiber bending stress. With this, the attenuation properties and mechanical resistance to bending the cable put forward higher requirements. To solve these problems, bend-insensitive multimode fibers into being, similar bend insensitive singlemode fiber (G.657), it becomes a major field of research focus on multi-mode fiber.

In recent years, Draka, Corning, OFS has released OM3/OM4 bend-insensitive multimode fiber products. The fiber is compatible with the current conventional OM3/OM4 multimode fiber and optical fiber refractive index profile by optimizing the design, greatly reduces the fiber macrobend additional attenuation, minimum bend radius is generally up to 7.5mm. OM3/OM4 uses bend insensitive multimode Fiber Patch Cables in a way interior simplifies installation, reducing installation costs and reduce the risk of system interruption or failure. Since the bend-insensitive OM3 / OM4 multimode fiber has many advantages, once launched, it was favored on the market of all ages.

As we know, whether single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber, the numerical aperture (NA) is larger, the better its anti-bending performance. This is because the numerical aperture (NA) is greater, the difference by which the core and cladding refractive index is greater, the stronger the fiber waveguide ability. In a multimode fiber, the refractive index difference between the core of the fiber 62.5μm is twice the fiber core 50μm, and therefore the latter bending performance is poor, because the basic pattern of the fiber core 50μm Design is fixed, unable to improve its performance by increasing its resistance to bending refractive index difference. In the design of the fiber, due to lower Young's modulus of the inner layer of the coating material, the outer layer of the coating material to increase the Young's modulus is effective in improving the bending resistance properties. Furthermore, due to lower glass transition temperature Tg of the inner layer of coating material can be improved fiber bending properties at low temperatures. However, in order to more effectively improve the core 50μm anti-bending performance multimode fiber, the fiber must find a way out design from a structure (refractive index profile).

Bend-insensitive multimode fibers OM3/OM4 structure is similar to the standard multimode fiber, bend-insensitive multimode fibers (bend insensitive multimode fiber, BIMMF) the refractive index profile shown in Figure 12. Wherein the green line is a conventional 50μm multimode graded index profile of the optical fiber, blue and red dotted line for bend-insensitive optical fiber in two designs, the three-section of a multimode optical fiber shown in Figure 13. BIMMF distribution index profile, and the same in the core region 50μm conventional multimode fiber, only the ring groove is provided in the region depressed refractive-index cladding region near the core (called trench-assisted multimode fiber ). In conventional multimode fiber, when the fiber bend radius is too small, light intensity conduction mode will escape the core, causing signal distortion. In the bend-insensitive multimode fiber, the refractive index of the ring groove type subsidence area will form an obstacle to escape the intensity wakefield core barriers, thus effectively reduce the fiber macro bending loss.

Figure 12 50μm multimode fiber refractive index profile
Figure 13 Conventional 50μm multimode fiber bend insensitive MMF, and two cross-sectional view BIMMF

 

The Multimode Fiber Proucts on market

 

FC-FC Duplex 62.5/125 OM1 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable



FC-SC Simplex 50/125 OM2 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable

BIMMF bend-insensitive fiber mode field shown in Figure 14: In the conventional multimode fiber MMF, the guided mode in strong low conductivity state, and in close proximity to the core - cladding interface propagating order modes, because the effective refractive index neff close to the refractive index of the cladding n2, it is weakly conducting state (when the guided mode is equal to the effective refractive index neff cladding refractive index n2, the mode cutoff). Conduction state is weak order modes in the fiber bend radius is too small, its intensity will escape the core, causing signal distortion. In the bend-insensitive fiber BIMMF ring depressed trench type refractive index distribution has two light guide interface, the refractive index in the descending interface, the interface to form a light guide. Because of this interface, enhanced guided mode fiber core conductivity, so that the original order modes weak to lead the state into a strong lead state, shown in Figure 14. In addition, the external interface subsidence ring groove type refractive index distribution of the refractive index of small to large, the formation of refractive interface. Since the refractive index profile of this special structure, there is a leakage conductivity mode (leaky mode) in BIMMF fiber. Leakage mode is the solution of the equation in the intrinsic region outside the cutoff, leaky guided mode parsing mode is outside the cutoff continuous, their field is the same, but its intrinsic value, or the propagation constants are complex solutions Eigenequation, thus There are inherently leaky mode attenuation can not normally spread dissemination. The effective refractive index neff leakage mode of the cladding is less than n2. In the conventional multi-mode fiber, a leaky mode consumption decline rapidly, since the refractive index of a conventional optical fiber structure can not support its propagation in the fiber. And it BIMMF fiber, the refractive index in the form of this particular cross-sectional structure, a strong core to maintain close - cladding interface order modes propagating conductivity, thus effectively improve the flexural properties of the fiber.

The Characteristics Of Singlemode and Multimode Fiber

Fiber is short for optical fiber, it is a new kind of optical waveguides, it is optical communication system that most common and most important transmission medium. It consists of a single glass core, the cladding layer close to the core, a primary coating layer and a protective layer composed of plastic cap.(Cylindrical fiber, the core, cladding and coating layers composed of three parts.) Core and the cladding layer consists of two different optical properties of the medium constituting the medium refractive index of light than the interior of a surrounding medium high refractive index. In the periphery of the package as the cover layer of opaque material, as the light is prevented from escaping from the surface during interspersed.

Multimode Optical Fiber

When the geometry of the fiber is much larger than the wavelength of light (about lμm), optical transmission process will be a significant presence of dozens or even hundreds of transport modes, such as the fiber is called multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cables.

Due to different propagation modes having different phase propagation velocity, thus, long-distance transmission is generated through mode dispersion (after long-distance transmission delay difference is generated, resulting in the optical pulse broadening). Side mode dispersion will narrow the bandwidth of multimode fiber, the transmission capacity is reduced, and therefore, multi-mode fiber is only suitable for low speed, short-distance optical fiber communication, data communication is currently a large number of multi-mode optical fiber local area network.

Main products and application performance of multimode fiber in the following
table:

 

The related products about 62.5/125mm Multimode Fiber Patch Cable from fiberstore.com, it is below:

  The product about 50/125mm OM2 Multimode Fiber
 
Single Mode Fiber Cable

When the geometry of the fiber is small, and the wavelength of the same order as the core diameter in the range of 4-10μm, the optical fiber allows only one mode (basic mode) in which the transmission, the remaining high-order mode are all turned off, so that said Single Mode Fiber Cable. Avoid the mode dispersion single mode fiber, suitable for large-capacity long-distance transmission.

IEC 60793-2 and IEC 60793-2-50 singlemode fiber will be divided into B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B2, B4, B5, B6 and other categories, ITU-T also G.652, G .653, G.654, G.655, G.656, G.657 and other recommendations were standardized definition and characteristics of various single-mode fiber, and each part of the GB / T 9771 with reference to IEC 60793-2-50 ITU-T G.65x series formulation.

A given type of single mode fiber, the mode field diameter by (also called effective area), the dispersion coefficient, dispersion slope, wavelength cutoff adapted to optimize the parameters, and access ways for different applications.

One of Most Major applications of Optic Fiber—FFTH

FTTH (Fiber To The Home), it is Fiber Optic Patch Cables directly to the home. Specifically, FTTH optical network means (ONU) installed in the home or business user of the user, the optical access network is a series of optical access the user application type except FTTD (fiber to the desktop) closest outside. FTTH technology is characterized by significant not only provides greater bandwidth, but also enhanced network data format, speed, wavelength and protocol transparency, relaxed on the environmental conditions and power requirements, simplifies maintenance and installation.

FTTH advantage

1.FTTH is a passive network, from the central office to the user, fiber optic coupler, fiber optic passive components accounted for most of the equipment, it can be done in the middle basically passive
2.It is relatively wide bandwidth. Large-scale use is in line with the way long distance carriers.
3.It is a direct bearing on the fiber business, so there is nothing complex issues.
4.Because of its relatively wide bandwidth, support for the agreement is more flexible.
5.With the development of technology, including point to point, 1.25G and FTTH way have developed a relatively complete function.

The optical fiber directly to the user's home, its bandwidth, wavelength and transmission technology types are no restrictions for the introduction of new services, it is the ideal business transparent network, and it is aslo the ultimate way to access network development. Although the development of mobile communications at an alarming rate, but because of limited bandwidth, terminal volume can not be too large, the display screen is limited and other factors, it is still pursuing a fixed terminal performance, which is hoped to achieve FTTH. Fiber to the home's charm lies in its great bandwidth, it is the best solution to solve from the Internet backbone to the user's desktop bottlenecks.

The related products about optical fiber, FC/UPC to FC/UPC 4 Fibers SM 9/125 Single mode Fiber Patch Cable
   
FC-FC 6 Fibers OM1 62.5/125 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable
 With the upgrading of technology, greatly reduces the cost of fiber to the home, it will soon be reduced considerably with DSL and HFC networks, which makes it possible for practical FTTH. In China, FTTH is also imperative. From 2011, in China from coastal cities to inland cities, from east to west, opened the curtain FTTH construction. You can say that FTTH is a highlight of optical fiber communication. Accompanied by a corresponding technologies mature and practical, cost closer to ordinary families can afford to reduce the level of FTTH trend is unstoppable.

Furthermore, FTTH technology is still used to solve the "last mile" problem of the information superhighway. FTTH + Ethernet over ADSL (ADSL dial-up time will be established at the highest theoretical 8Mbps download bandwidth, this bandwidth is never changed, but in fact, because the noise detection mechanism ADSL line situation is not good, if it is clearly beginning to establish a connection not reach the theoretical value, may finally be 5Mbps, this bandwidth is also not change.) and ISDN (European popular form of telephone network) transmission speed is much faster.

FTTH has been considered a rising star ultimate ideal access networks, but also broadband development. Because it can meet the diverse needs of various users. Like high-speed communications, home shopping, high-definition television, video on demand and more. The copper wire is the reluctance of the business, it is easy for FTTH. One can imagine, FTTH is to realize telephone, cable TV and Internet "triple play" the best choice.

10G Ethernet Transmission MPO System Scheme

June 2002, IEEE802.3ae Task Force issued a series of fiber-based Gigabit Ethernet standard, commonly used in LAN 10GBase-SR/SW as example, 10GBase-SR/SW using serial transmission technology, that is, each core optical fiber only send or receive signals, so to achieve 10Gbps transmission requires at least two-core optical fiber.

MPO fiber optic deployment system has two solutions, one is to use the program with MPO module box, because MPO module box is with metal needles, therefore MPO trunk cables do not need to distinguish whether with a metal pin (Pin), most users tend to use MPO module case scenario; another option is to use MPO coupler, such programs must differentiate between MPO trunk cables with metal needles and without metal pin, the other two ends need to convert Fiber Jumper, so this program is rarely adoption.

According ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 standards are divided into the following two types of duplex Fiber jumpers:

Standard: (A-B) Non-Standard: (A-A) According ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 standard, MPO coupler is divided into Type A, Type B two types:   MPO fiber optic system according to the MPO trunk cables, MPO module boxes and jumpers of different types have different combinations of programs, mainly A, B, C three kinds of channel combination scheme

Method A: Using straight-through (Type A) of MPO trunk cables, Fiber Jumpers must be used at both ends of different models, Scenario A increases the complexity of the orders, it is not recommended to use programs A.

Method B: A fully cross (Type B) of MPO trunk cables, MPO module box must use two different types (Key Up-Key Up) and (Key Down-Key Down), another plan B does not support the ramp octave end face (singlemode fiber, so most manufacturers do not recommend using program B.

Method C: Using lines cross (Type C) of MPO trunk cables, MPO consistent at both ends of the module box (Type A) and standard jumpers, so Option C is the solution of choice for 10G Ethernet recommended.

There are some related MPO products from fiberstore, you can see to know more about MPO Fiber.

12 Fibers, Single-Mode, 12 Standard MPO Fiber Cable,3.0mm LSZH

FiberStore offer singlemode and multimode (OM1, OM2, 10G OM3, 10G OM4) MPO/MTP Cable. Singlemode MPO MTP Fiber cable is primarily used for applications involving extensive distances, 10G Mpo Cassettes provide 10 gigabit data transfer speeds in high bandwidth applications and they are 5 times faster than standard 50um fiber cable. Work with both VCSEL laser and LED sources. The meanwhile, we also provide 40G/100G MPO/MTP trunk cable.

The Advantages And Disadvantages of Multimode And Single-mode Fiber

1. The Development of Optical Fiber

1.1 Development of Single-mode Fiber

The late 1970s, people tried to use the successful development of long-life semiconductor laser light source to replace the light tube, in order to get longer communication distance and greater communication capacity. However, the laser pattern noise occurs in the multi-mode transmission fiber. To overcome pattern noise, in 1980 successfully developed the zero dispersion point at 1.31m single-mode fiber (non-dispersion shifted single-mode fiber). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) recommended that such a single-mode fiber is defined as G.652 fiber. Because the design of a single mode fiber is only thinking of a transmission mode, so the pattern noise in the transmission multimode fiber occurred does not occur. Thus, the mid-1980s, by the laser light source and composition of the 140sMbit G.652 Fiber Optic Patch Cables communication systems [2], which, following distance and transmission capacity far exceeds the coaxial cable so that the optical fiber communication gradually replace the use of copper to become the the main means of communication in telecommunications industry.

1.2 Development of Multi-mode Fiber

Thinking of optical fiber communication by Chinese-American Kao paper published in 1966 , " optical frequency dielectric fiber surface waveguides " made of quartz glass optical signal transmission fiber ( referred to as optical fiber ) to communicate. In 1970, the British telecommunications, Bell Labs and Corning Glass Company jointly developed the world's first root attenuation coefficient 20kmdB Multimode Fiber Cables[ 3 ]. It should be noted that the multi -mode fiber as the optical transmission medium of the semiconductor laser and a long life as a prelude optical fiber common carrier communication research. Expand and increase the transmission speed of the optical fiber communication transmission capacity, transmission distance is extended and the fiber attenuation is closely related to dispersion and nonlinear effects. Innovation process is that the people of fiber varieties of fiber attenuation, chromatic dispersion , nonlinear effects in optical fiber communication systems and other performance plays an important role in the recognition process. 1976 Bell Labs in the United States between Atlanta to Washington establish the world's first practical optical fiber communication systems,the transmission speed of 45sMbit, uses a multi-mode fiber . Multimode fiber always is trying to reduce the attenuation and mode dispersion, and further improve the transmission bandwidth of optical fiber as the research center. In recent years, studies have multimode fiber mutagenicity progress, fiber transmission bandwidth has been greatly improved.

2. Principle of Multimode Fiber and Single-mode Communication

Optical fiber communication is the use of light as a carrier to transmit information, and optical fiber as a transmission medium to achieve information transmission, one of the latest communications technology achieve the purpose of communication. Therefore, the principle of the optical fiber and the transmission of information studies is important.

First, optical fibers transmit information use the principle of total reflection of light, i.e., when the light from the optical dense medium (higher refractive index medium) optically thinner medium intake, the refraction angle will be greater than the incident angle, when the incident angle to a certain degree, the angle of refraction of the incident angle of 90 °of this case referred to the total reflection angle. When the angle of incidence continues to increase, will not happen this time refraction, reflection and safety of all incident light is reflected Theorem. This phenomenon is a reflection. To achieve total internal reflection optical fiber to satisfy two conditions: Light must be incident light from the optically denser medium to dense medium; Angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. Thus, a practical optical fiber essentially consists of three parts, namely, a high refractive index of the core portion and the refractive index of the lower cladding layer and the outer coating layer.

There are many classification of Fiber Optic Patch Cables, but there is a very important classification, according to the number of conduction-mode fiber to classify, so-called "model" refers to a certain angular velocity of a beam of light into the fiber. Only one mode of conducting could be single-mode fiber, the fiber can be transmitted to a plurality of mold for hundreds of patterns is called a multi-mode fiber. It is possible to determine the number of transmission modes, an important structural parameter is the normalized frequency of the fiber, generally denoted by V, defined as:



2.1 Multi-mode Optical FiberThe number of fiber conduction mode with its normalized frequency, the total number of conduction mode similar to:



Wherein, V is the normalized frequency of the fiber, αis the fiber refractive index profile exponential. For example, the total number of parabolic fiber α=2, the conduction mode is:




2.2 Single-mode Optical FiberOnly one mode fiber transmission is called multimode fiber, Single Mode Fiber Cable can transmit the fundamental mode (lowest-order mode), there is no difference between the mode delay. Therefore, single-mode fiber refractive index α profile exponential impact on its far less bandwidth multimode fiber is generally used large step-index profile.

Key Technologies And Development of Multi-mode Optical Fiber

Corning and Lucent and other large companies proposed a "new generation of multi-mode fiber" concept to the international standardization bodies. A new generation of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable; standards drafted by the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO / IEC) and the Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA-TR42). As a new generation of multi-mode fiber transmission medium 10Gb / s Ethernet, be included in IEEE 10Git / s Ethernet standard. This article will briefly describe the new generation of multi-mode fiber critical technical information.

1.1

The Typle of New Generation of Multimode fiber

The new generation of Multimode Fiber Cable is 50/125μm, graded-index multimode fiber distribution. The number of this transmission mode Fiber Optic Cables is approximately 62.5μm multimode fiber transmission mode 1/2.5. This can effectively reduce the dispersion of the multimode fiber mode, increase the bandwidth. For 850nm wavelength, 50/125μm Multimode fiber bandwidth is 500MHz.km. Recent experiments confirmed: the use of 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as a light source in the 1Gb / s rate, 50μm multimode fiber core diameter standard error can be no transfer 1750m, 50μm core diameter multimode fiber can be a new generation of error-free transmission 2000m. In the 10Gb / s down, 50μm core diameter multimode fiber can transmit a new generation of 600m. A new generation of multi-mode fiber is mainly used to support high-speed Ethernet (Ethernet), Fibre Channel (FC) and fiber optic interconnection (OIF). Meanwhile at 10Gbit / s system can transmit 600m, so that it can be used for building backbone and campus backbone extraordinary distance from the middle. In the data center design, within a distance of 100m to support higher speed (40G and 100Gbits / s? Ethernet, 16G and 32Gbits / s Fibre Channel) data transmission requirements.

The related products about New Generation Multimode fiber, SMA905-ST Duplex 50/125 Dia2.5mm OM2 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable from fiberstore.com, the products picture is below:


The SMA-905 fiber optic patch cord, also known as FSMA connector, was one of the First fiber optic interconnect system that gained industry wide acceptance.SMA905 fiber patch cords make use of threaded connections and is still widely used for military, industrial, medical and Surgical applications and laser systems because of their low cost multimode coupling. It features simple termination and Assembly, and is TIA and IEC compliant. SMA 905 multimode connectors are available with stainless alloy or stainless steel ferrules.

1.2 A New Generation of Multi-mode Fiber Source

Traditional multimode fiber networks use light-emitting diode (LED) as light source . In low-speed network, which is an economically rational choice. However, LED is spontaneous emission light, the radiation -emitting laser is excited , the carrier lifetime is longer the former than the latter, and thus the LED modulation rate is limited , and not more than gigabit networks. Further, LED compared with a laser, the beam divergence angle, wide spectral width . After injection of multimode fiber , excite more high-order mode, the introduction of more wavelength components, so that the fiber bandwidth decreases . Fortunately 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) not only has the advantage of these lasers, but aslo the price is basically the same with the LED. Other advantages of VCSEL are: low threshold current, may not be enlarged, driven directly by logic gates at 10Gb / s rate, get a few milliwatts of output power; emission wavelength of 850nm which does not apply to the standard single-mode fiber just for multimode fiber . At this wavelength, an inexpensive silicon detectors can be used and have a good frequency response; VCSEL another remarkable advantage is that the manufacturing process can be easily controlled distribution of the emitted light power , which is very advantageous for improving the bandwidth of MMF. It is because of these advantages, the new generation of multimode fiber standard will use 850nm VCSEL light source.

1.3

The Bandwidth Distance of New Generation Multimode Optical Fiber
By comparing the above- described laser and LED , the use of multimode fiber laser light source, the transmission bandwidth should be greatly improved. However, experimental results show that simply make the bandwidth of a laser instead of LED light source, system is not only reduced but increased. IEEE Expert Group found through research, the bandwidth of multimode fiber and the optical fiber or the injection molding state of a power distribution. The preform fabrication process, the refractive index of the fiber axis prone to depression. Done before light source LED, is overfilled launch (OFL-Over Filled Launch), all of the fiber mode ( hundreds ) are excited to bring their own part of each module power. The refractive index of the fiber center delay characteristic distortion affects only a small number of models, the relatively limited impact on the modal bandwidth of the fiber. The measured multimode fiber bandwidth for the use of LED light source system is correct. However, when a laser light source, a laser beam spot is only a few microns, the divergence angle is smaller than the LED, so that only a small number of modes excited in the center of the fiber transmission, each mode carries a large part of the power, the refractive index of the fiber center distortion affect a small number of patterns of delay characteristics, so that decreased multimode fiber bandwidth. So it can not be measured with a laser light source for multimode fiber OFL bandwidth of conventional methods.
Today a new generation of multi-mode fiber main measurement bandwidth limit die by injection method (RML-Restricted Mode Launch). In this way the measured bandwidth is called " laser -bandwidth " or " modal bandwidth limit ", previously done with the LED light source measured bandwidth is called "OFL bandwidth is ." Both represent the bandwidth of multimode fiber laser and LED light source with a time of injection. August 5, 2009, TIA Standards Committee released a new generation of bandwidth distance product standard multimode fiber , 850nm laser distance -bandwidth product of 470MHz.km, 850nm OFL bandwidth of distance product of 350MHz.km, 1300nm OFL bandwidth of distance plot to 500MHz.km. Incidentally, the bandwidth from the product of the above-described generation of the multi-mode fiber is only 3dB corresponding baseband bandwidth of multimode fiber, multimode fiber does not take more than a high-frequency band -pass region is also used when the transmission signal . Today, by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology , can make good use of multimode optical fiber through a high frequency band region , under conditions of use of the same Fiber Optic Patch Cables type, transmission using high frequency band signal through region greatly improved multi-mode fiber transmission capacity.

1.4 Source Injection Method

In actual use, the multimode fiber coupled laser and the following methods:
Bias injection: In order to avoid the deterioration of these lasers is injected directly into the bandwidth MMF appears, use the mode regulator
Connection (MCP Mode Conditioning Patch Cable), the laser output is coupled into a multimode fiber. Connection-mode regulator is a short Single Mode Fiber Cable, one end of which is coupled with the laser and the other end coupled to a multimode optical fiber. SMF output spot detouring from the multimode fiber axis at a distance, allowing the deviation from the range is 17 ~ 24μm, the aim is to avoid the center of the refractive index depression, but do not deviate too far, only one group is selectively lower-order mode excitation .

Centre injection: ideal for the refractive index profile, there is no central depression MMF can be used instead of the center of the injection molding
Regulator connection. The advantage of this is that the bandwidth of the laser can effectively improve the MMF to reduce the complexity of the network system and reduce system cost, a current-mode regulator 80 to the connection of approximately U.S. $ 100. Corning launched InfiniCor CL 1000 (62.5μm core diameter) and InfiniCor CL 2000 (50μm core diameter) is Gigabit Ethernet 1300nm wavelength laser directly into the mode without adjusting the first multi-connection mode fiber.

The Technical Characteristics And Application Prospect Of New Generation Multimode Fiber

As we all know , due to the use of the Internet, the data transmission requirements show explosive growth like a geometric progression, so the network transmission speed requirements are also increasing intensity. The multi mode fiber is concerned , due to its inherent properties , it is generally used in a LAN , storage network , data center. In these areas , the data transmission rate of exchange is also required to continue to grow . To Ethernet , for example, since the 1990s , the transmission rate from 10Mbit / s ( Ethernet ) to 100Mbit / s ( Fast Ethernet ). IEEE in 1998 by the IEEE802.3z of Gigabits Ethernet (GbE) standard . 10Gigabit Ethernet standard IEEE802.3ae also passed in June 2002 . Multimode fiber products have been defined by the standard Ethernet transmission medium, its transmission window is at 850nm and 1300nm. Current land use in a communications network products for the general multimode A1a (50/125um) and A1b (62.5/125um) two kinds. Both products are performance and calibration of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet compatible. Just GbE Ethernet and 10GbE Ethernet standard is concerned , A1a and A1b multimode product is not suitable. Mainly due to the modulation frequency of LED (light emitting diode ) light source, only a maximum of about 650MHz. So Gbit / s and 10Gbit / s Ethernet must use LD ( laser diode ) as a light source, such as VCSEL ( vertical cavity surface emitting laser ) light source . This change makes the light A1a and A1b multimode fiber show a mode dispersion problem, the transmission distance can not meet demand. Therefore, it needs to improve the multimode fiber manufacturing technology , development and manufacturing of new generation of multi -mode fiber . This article describes a new generation of technical characteristics and application prospects multimode fiber.

Generally, there are many index to impact multimode fiber performance, but the direct result to the transmission distance is mainly affected by attenuation and multimode fiber bandwidth parameters. The attenuation parameter is determined by the fiber structure and the dopant concentration, the new generation of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable is same with the original fiber optic calbe on the product structure. so they are the same attenuation indicators . Multimode fiber bandwidth uses MHz.km units. It is the modulation frequency and the length of the fiber product of the maximum modulation frequency of the pulse period of the optical fiber which can pass through. Because bandwidth is a comprehensive index multimode fiber characterization of the optical properties, it is affected by many factors, such as the light source, coupling waveguide structure, as well as the receiver performance aside other factors, on the fiber itself, determine its bandwidth intrinsic factor is a multimode fiber dispersion properties. Discussing multimode fiber dispersion analysis generally two ways, i.e., inter- mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion. That is, since the chromatic dispersion of the transmission of different wavelengths of light caused. Mode dispersion refers chromatic dispersion due to the different transmission modes caused. The essential difference between the ordinary and the new generation of multi -mode optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber being derived from this.


 Figure 2
 

For Common multimode fiber, since the LED light source are intended to be used in a network system. LED light source is a wide spectrum of areas having a large output. Due to its broad spectrum of characteristics, emitted light have different wavelength components, when such a light pulse is transmitted in the optical fiber, dispersion is the main cause of chromatic dispersion. The new generation of multi-mode fiber optic network is expected to be used in the LD light source. LD is a single-wavelength laser light source, the LD so emitted light pulse transmitted in the multi-mode fiber, dispersion-mode dispersion will be the main cause.

The related proucts about Common Multi-mode Fiber Optic Cable from Fiberstore, SC-SC Simplex 62.5/125 OM1 Multimode Fiber Optic Cable,



At the same time, because the common manufacturing process multimode fiber defects appear in the center of the center "recess", this defect is due to the dopant material, such as a transition caused by evaporation of germanium. While multimode fiber interface, i.e., between the fiber core and cladding is easy due to the diffusion of dopant materials such defects. These defects in the original multi-mode fiber is not important. But for a new generation of multi-mode fiber is fatal. These defects will greatly increase the inter-mode dispersion and reduce the transmission properties of the optical fiber.

For the light source, the table 1 is a comparison of a typical LED light source and a VCSEL. it can be found, VCSEL is much less than the spectral width of the spectral width of the LED, so the purpose of comparison to the LED, LD can be said that the injection of a single wavelength. The LED and light emitted from the LD of different spot size. LED exit a larger area, you can inspire all of multimode fiber conduction mode, while LD light spot emitted only a small part inspired conduction mode. When injected into the LD multi-mode fiber end faces at different locations, different mode groups are excited, it will make the inter-mode dispersion and a greater difference between the transmission distance of the impact pulse. Figure 4 shows a comparison of light output LED and a VCSEL.

Injection method means the energy emitted by the light source is coupled into the multimode fiber process. Generally limited to full injection and injection molded in two ways. When the LED light source is a full injection, i.e., spot size, and light emitted from the multimode fiber core sizes are matched, then the pulse is excited in the multimode fiber optic cable conduction mode transmission, the transmission energy is concentrated in the middle mode group. While limiting the injection mold, the incident light spot covers only a part of the core, when it is conducting, it is only part of the excitation conduction mode groups. When the incident light spot at different positions of the core, the excited mode groups are different, resulting in differences in the inter-modal dispersion such that the bandwidth performance of the change of the transmission fiber. Therefore, when injected into the mold limit, you must determine the position and angle of the incident, otherwise the transmission distance of fiber support will change.

In IEEE802.3z GbE Ethernet standard, for the laying of fiber optic cable has proposed a so-called Patch cord [4] solution is injected into the mold of a typical limit program. In the 1300nm wavelength, this solution uses a single mode fiber as shown bias limit injection molding conditions, this Single Mode Fiber Cable can not only reduce multi-mode fiber optic which conduction mode is excited, but also partial connection set. It can avoid larger centers may exist in the optical fiber embedded in a recess problems.


 

The above shows that the use of ordinary multimode fiber at Gbit / s and 1010Gbit / s Ethernet system, the light source, injection method and fiber itself, it will greatly deteriorate the performance of optical fiber transmission, increase system overhead, or increase system complexity. To solve these problems, the development of a new generation of suitable Gbit / s transmission rate over multimode fiber using a local area network products are the best choice. The new generation multimode fiber products from Fiberstore, you can find the related products, MPO MTP Fiber. MPO/MTP Fiber Cable is offered for many applications for all networking and device needs like 100 Gig modules. MPO Fiber Cable From Fiberstore are available in UPC and APC finishes, it supports both multimode and single mode applications, and optional lengths available. Our MPO/MTP fiber cable is with push connector IEC 61754-7 and TIA/EIA 604-5A compliant and offer low cost per termination for high density applications.

What Is Singlemode and Multimode Optical Fiber?

Light is an electromagnetic wave (visible light frequencies in the order of 10 ^ 14), singlemode fiber and multi-mode fiber optics are needed to explain fluctuations. The basic formula is the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell's equations, the boundary conditions of Fiber Optic Cables (size, refractive index, wavelength and other parameters) into Maxwell's equations.



The solution obtained contains numerous real and imaginary part, representing the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field and the transmission, each solution can be called a mode, the real part can be interpreted as conductive portion for satisfied the total reflection conditions, it can be called the conduction mode. the imaginary part is rapid loss in the transmission swap, known as radiation modes. The solution with the fiber size, fiber core and cladding refractive index, the wavelength dependence of the incident light. When the fiber core size decreases, the mold can be found rapidly reduced conduction, in particular core size and wavelength may be compared, the conductivity is reduced to the mode field distribution is also a space appears discontinuous, showing the geometrical optics can not be explained. "quantum properties. "When reducing the fiber core size to a certain number, the only one possible conduction mode, this time, the optical fiber for this incident became a single-mode fiber.


 
Single Mode Fiber Patch Cable is relative, when the wavelength of the incident light is reduced, there will be a new conduction mode, this is relatively light, Fiber has become multimode fiber. So there is a cutoff wavelength of a single-mode fiber that is higher than this wavelength, which is the single-mode fiber. G 652 common singlemode fiber cutoff wavelength less than 1260nm.

Multimode Fiber Optic Cable can be understood as approximately the incident light along many different paths in the optical fiber transmission angles. Clearly different from the other end along the length of the different paths, because the length of the transmission time difference generated by different known mode dispersion (i.e. different paths in different modes).

Single mode optical fiber can transmit along a path (ie, only one mode), there is no mode dispersion. But with different refractive indices in different wavelengths of light in the same material, resulting in different transmission rate, so if the same beam of light contains different frequencies, the other end to the optical fiber transmission time is different, this causes the transmission time difference is called Single-mode dispersion or material dispersion or wavelength dispersive. Not the kind of light source is entirely monochromatic, the wavelength dispersion is widespread. We usually use several sources of communication, the wavelength dispersion smaller than the mode dispersion.

Common single-mode fiber (G 652) is about 8-10um core diameter, the related proudcts from Fiberstore, it's Duplex 9/125 sc to sc fiber patch cord. The picture is follow:

 

Sc to Sc Fiber Patch Cord is for high bandwidth and transmission rates over longer distances. This SC fiber patch cable is specifically designed for gigabit ethernet applications. The patented injection molding process provides each connection greater durability in resisting pulls, strains and impacts from cabling installs. Common multimode fiber core diameter, there are two types, 50um and 62.5um. The related products from Fiberstore, it's Duplex OM1 Multimode 62.5/125 Lc-Sc Fiber Patch Cable. The picture is follow:


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Dispersion And Types of Multimode Fiber

Multimode optical fiber dispersion is the time of the different modes in a multimode optical fiber transmission difference generated, because there are many mode of multimode fiber, the resulting dispersion is more complicated. So multi-mode optical fiber is not used as a dispersion single-mode fiber to characterize the dispersion properties of the coefficient. Multimode Fiber Cables with dispersion characteristic pattern "Bandwidth " to indicate that the " bandwidth" of the multi-mode fiber, it means the ability of a transmission signal in units of MHz * Km, refers to the product of speed and distance , low rate the transmission distance and high- speed transmission distance is near . With a "Bandwidth " associated with the type of light source used for multimode fiber. Different types of light sources with the same optical fibers obtained by the test "Bandwidth " is different, the bandwidth of a multimode optical fiber with the general terms of use. Different types of light emission characteristics of the injection for reasons multimode fiber mode excitation type : LED can excite all modes, this light is called test OFL (overfilled launch) testing. FP and VCSEL lasers with multi-mode fiber can stimulate injection -mode optical fiber portion , such tests are called UFL (underfilled launch) Test This test out several light sources "bandwidth " is different .

Species historically commercialization of multimode fiber is very large, there are different classification methods, the current standard is more popular in the beginning of 2002 classification ISO / IEC 11801 enacted.

ISO / IEC standard classification simplifies multi-mode fiber. The old 62.5um fiber referred to as OM1 fiber, 50um fiber referred to as OM2 fiber. Emerging mode dispersion optimized fiber were divided by the bandwidth of the OM3 and OM4 fiber. Both fiber bandwidth in the EMB (Effective Modal Bandwidth) conditions were greater than 2000MHz * K and 4700MHz * Km, corresponding to the conditions of use that source using 850nm VCSEL.

Common 62.5/125μm graded-index OM1 Multimode Fiber is the iec-60793-2 fiber optic products specification alb type. It was born in the late -index multimode fiber 50/125μm gradient. As the core diameter and a numerical aperture of the fiber 62.5/125μm larger , with a strong light gathering capability and bending characteristics , especially in the 20th century, before the mid-1990s , the lower the rate of the LAN , less demanding on the fiber bandwidth thus making this fiber to obtain the most widely used, becomes 20 years between the mid- 1980s to the mid -1990s mainstream products in most countries data communications fiber market. 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber is the first to be adopted as the United States a number of industry standard multimode fiber , such as interior wiring systems standards at & t 's ; American Electronics Industry Association (eta) LAN standards ; American National Standards institute (ansi) of 100 mb / s token Ring standards ; ibm token ring standards. Typically 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber bandwidth is for 200 ~ 400 mhz · km, at 1 gb / s rate , 850 nm wavelength transmission 300 m, 1 300 nm wavelength transmission 550m. Full power injection (OFL) bandwidth of 200/500 MHz.km @ 850/1300 nm.

Common 50/125μm graded-index OM2 Multimode Fiber is the iec-60793-2 fiber optic products specification ala type. Historically, in order to reduce system costs as much as possible LAN, commonly used inexpensive led as the light source, rather than expensive ld. Because of the low output power led, ld much larger than the divergence angle connector loss, and 50/125μm multimode fiber core diameter and numerical aperture are relatively small, it is not conducive to the efficient coupling and led, as the core diameter and numerical aperture the 62.5/125μm (class alb) fiber enables more light power coupled into the fiber link to, therefore, 50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber in the mid-1990s, had not been widely used, and is mainly used as a data communication standard in Japan and Germany.

At a rate of 10Gbps, 850nm VCSEL can only guarantee the transmission distance of about 30m in the worst OM1 fiber, in the latest OM4 fiber transmission distance of 550m of guarantees. 850nm VCSEL have a high luminous efficiency, low threshold, high modulation rates can be easily coupled and so on. The main source is the use of multimode optical fiber, OM3, OM4 fiber is mainly optimized for 850nm VCSEL mode dispersion.

Each VCSEL coupled into the modes of the multimode fiber are not identical, therefore, a multi-mode Fiber Optic Patch Cables with a difference of each VCSEL "bandwidth", the performance is often much longer than the transmission distance of the optical fiber shown in a nominal bandwidth. In multimode fiber using FP or DFB guaranteed transmission distance is not as 850nm VCSEL, but does not exclude an individual can transmit very far situation.

Fiber Optic Cabling Solutions

Fiberstore's cabling solutions are from copper medium, fiber, with its unique plastic Fiber Optic Patch Cables (POF) solutions, and has strong reliability and ese of use, and it has the following characteristics.

Firstly, from the appearance, Fiberstore cabling products is better than other similar products. Whether modular information outlet, modular information outlet or patch panel and a large number of terminals on the board, to the user's first impression is compact and lightweight structure, moderate size (small footprint), assembly process concise and detailed, non-professional staff can easily operate.

Secondly, Fiberstore cabling products are suitable for small and medium sized cabling system planning and installation, flexible and elastic. Currently on the market for the three kinds of mainstream MDF Specification: 100 pairs, 300 pairs and 900 pairs, for some small and medium systems (especially 50 or 150 information points system) planning. It cause that the overall layout is unreasonable, wasted building space. And just to make up for this deficiency, GCI launched the 50 pairs, 200 pairs and 400 in the series patch panels, planning to meet the needs of different systems, and make more rational design, optimization, while users can also facilitate future maintenance management.

Thirdly, the most important point one, Fiberstore cabling products are more vitality. This is mainly because GCI connection terminal board perfectly match with its corresponding patch. The reasonableness of its unique design allows users to easily achieve upgrades and changes the entire wiring system rack, network connectivity changes for a variety of system applications, and heterogeneous machines, can easily be completed by way of a flexible jumpers in an instant.

And then, Fiberstore provides fiber optic products, including Single Mode Fiber Cable, multimode fiber optic cable, fiber optic connecting devices such as a full range of products, and to design a flexible solution that is more close to the people which the local user needs. With deep technical reserves, Fiberstore is being updated constantly develop all-optical solutions, cutting-edge technology to lead the world trend.Fiberstore Complete product range and reliable performance has been a model for the industry, has been widely used for a variety of communication channels designed cabling system. In particular, the epoch-making in the field of fiber optic products─plastic optical fiber, without professional training to operate, can be easy to achieve high-speed transfer rate, high bandwidth.

Information transfer rate up new plastic optical fiber per 10Gbps, is 10 times the existing glass fiber. The advent of new high-speed plastic optical fiber, will not only basic trunk network, but will also have the office, home computers, fiber optic terminal of an enormous boost. Plastic optical fiber diameter ratio of 30 times coarse glass fiber, flexible, and easier to connect.

The information transfer of new plastic optical fiber rate up per 10Gbps, it is 10 times the existing glass fiber. The advent of new high-speed plastic optical fiber, not only basic fiber trunk cable network, but also have an enormous boost to the office, home computers, pre terminated fiber. Plastic optical fiber diameter ratio of 30 times coarse glass fiber, flexible, and easier to connect.

Fiberstore plastic optical fiber solutions is made up of a fiber-rich plastic optical product, including indoor dual core plastic optical fiber, plastic fiber optic connectors, dual-core plastic optical fiber jumper, plastic optical fiber jumper logo, plastic fiber optic coupler, fiber optic patch panels, 8-port plastic optical fiber switches, network cards and POF-RJ45 port fiber optic transceivers composition.

Fiberstore fiber cords have multimode and singlemode, they meet ANSI/TIA/EIA568A standards, passed the UL certification for fiber to the desktop, connected to the transmission equipment and the production of fiber optic jumpers. They can be applied to management, equipment room and work area.

In summary, Fiberstore Fiber optic cabling system with its unique open design rationalization plan, as well as comprehensive product application technology simple connection combination, not only for users with high-quality transmission performance and comprehensive service support, giving users more high efficiency, high mobility system maintenance operability. Fiber optic cabling solutions with seamless integration of active networking products, so Fiberstore fiber optic cabling solutions are with a stronger overall performance.

The Application and Development of Optical Fiber Technology

Data center cabling system needs to continuously upgrade the bandwidth for the fast-growing network (such as the network core layer, convergence layer network and SAN storage network) transmission applications ahead of paved roads, and the use of optical fiber transmission can provide protection to continue to explore the bandwidth potential. Compared with single-mode fiber, due to Multimode Fiber Patch Cable lower active + passive integrated technology costs, will lead to multi-mode fiber has an absolute advantage in the application of the data center, medium and large data centers more than 85% of the fiber optic cabling system uses a multi mode fiber. August 2009, TIA formally approved OM4, a new category EIA/TIA492AAAD standard multimode fiber launch offers good prospects for the future large-scale application of multimode fiber, multimode fiber from OM1 to OM2, optimizing the use of VCSEL laser after a full technical OM3 to OM4,vthen developed four stages, the bandwidth also progressively increase.

Following the June 2010 IEEE802.3ba new Ethernet 40G/100G standard release, multimode fiber applications in the data center will open a new page, 40G and 100G high-speed transmission is no longer just rely on the use of single-mode high cost of WDM serial transmission, the new generation of Ethernet 40G/100G OM1 Multimode Fiber and OM4 standards will adopt a multi-channel parallel and multi-mode fiber transmission mode, compared to single-mode WDM way transmission mode, this multi mode on 40G/100G total cost (including active devices, optical modules, passive components) are only single-mode system 1/3 and 1/10, visible multimode advantages are obvious. Applications market trends is often by cost and price factors to drive mode with which technology can take big decisions largest application in the market.

40G multimode fiber transmission mode supports 10Gbps use each pair of rate 4 * 10Gbp = 40Gbps, need to use all four fibers send and receive 8-core optical fiber, 100G uses 10 fibers each sending and receiving 10 * 10Gbps = 100G , a total of 20 core optical fiber, using the standard MTP / MPO multi-pin connector system will be able to transfer to better support the next generation optical network 40G/100G, 40G transmission mode within 12 core MTP / MPO connectors on each side take four core outermost transmission, intermediate 4-core is vacant, and 100G transmission mode is the use of two 12-core MPO MTP Fiber take the middle 10 connector pin for transmission, if using MTP / MPO high-density 24-pin connector, complete the reception and transmission of 100G on a 24 core MTP / MPO connectors. When 100G transmission, both sides of the core of every 12 cores each one is vacant.

As the standards and application standards of the new generation 40G/100G optical fiber technology has released, it has a definite direction about the Fiber Patch Cables types for data center planners. OM3 and OM4 fiber will become the mainstream data center, OM4 fiber were used in 40G/100G corresponding distance transport protocol and application support, although 40G/100G transmission distance of multimode and single-mode fiber can not be up to 10KM or 40KM comparison, but in the data center indoor application environment, according to statistics of small and medium data centers more than 90% of the fiber link length is less than 100 meters, a large data center more than 70% of the fiber link length is less than 100 meters, more than 80% of the length is less than 125 meters, multimode meet the needs of the vast majority of the link, with the upgrading of network equipment and technology, in the future to support multi-mode fiber transmission distance may increase further.

Transport protocol type and fiber types support the transmission distance: 40GBase-SR4850nmVCSELOM3 Fiber 100m 40GBase-SR4850nmVCSELOM4 Fiber 120m 100GBase-SR10850nmVCSELOM3 Fiber 100m 100GBase-SR10850nmVCSELOM4 Fiber 125m Standard ANSI/TIA568C.3 North American Telecommunications Industry Association released in June 2008 for Fibre Channel connection to MTP / MPO connector consisting of multi-core defines three fiber connection modes, respectively TYPE-A, TYPE-B, TYPE -C, and below at 10Gbps transmission applications, the use of an Ethernet device port duplex mode, MTP / MPO trunk link will eventually be converted into a duplex type connectors such as LC, SC, etc., while in the state 40G/100G if the device port directly connected with QSFP MTP / MPO connectors, typically by several optical fibers, whether connect the cable, either of which is connected to the middle of the optical fiber connection TYPE mining equipment terminal and the device-side 40G/100G channel connection between the need to form the final model state TYPE-B, the equipment sending and receiving ends of the channel correspond to each other, otherwise it will not communicate properly.

The Knowledge Of Fiber Optic Cables

The Basics Knowledge Of Fiber Optic Cables

1.1 What is Fiber Optic Calbe?

The fiber optic cable mainly consist of a protective plastic sleeve and plastic sheath structure, no internal cable gold, silver, copper and aluminum and other metals, usually no recycling value. Fiber Patch Cables is a certain amount of the composition according to a certain way of cable core, outsourcing has a jacket, and some also cover the outer sheath to achieve a communication line optical signal transmission. It is the optical fiber cable (optical transmission medium) after the formation of a certain process.

1.2 The factors that affect fiber performance and lifetime

A) Stress: Causes fiber breaks or attenuation increases

B) Water and moisture: the fiber is easy to break (brittle), the impact of life
C) Hydrogen (pressure): the role of a fiber having a hydrogen pressure of mutated fiber attenuation curve of the absorption peak at 1240nm, 1310nm, and the attenuation significantly increased at a wavelength of 1550nm.

1.3 Classification of fiber optic cable

A) By fiber optic cable in the state in points: tight structure, loose structure, semi-loose semi-tight structure
B) By the cable core structure: central tube, Stranded, skeleton, Mode Conditioning Patch Cable, MPO Fiber cable.
C) By the conditions of the cable laying: aerial, pipeline, buried and underwater fiber optic cable
D) By the condition of the use of fiber optic cable with the different types: Single Mode Fiber Patch Cable, Multimode Fiber Cable.
E) By the Environment occasion of using fiber cable: outdoor cables, indoor cables.

1.4 The basic properties of fiber optic cable

Transmission characteristics of the cable depends on the coated fiber. Mechanical properties of the fiber optic cable requirements and environmental characteristics determined by the conditions of use. After the cable production out of the main items of these features, such as tension, pressure, torsion, bending, shock, vibration and temperature, to do routine testing in accordance with national standards. Finished cable is generally required to give the following characteristics, parameters of these characteristics can be analyzed to calculate the empirical formula, here we only briefly qualitative description.

1) The characteristics of Tensile properties

Maximum tension cable can withstand depends reinforcement material and cross-sectional area, generally require more than 1km cable weight, most cable at 100 ~ 400kg range.

2) The characteristics of Pressure

Side cable can withstand the maximum pressure depends on the material and structure of the sheath, most of the cable can withstand the maximum pressure side 100 ~ 400kg/10cm.

3) Bending properties

The main characteristics of bending depends on the material and structure of the core, the cladding and the relative refractive index difference cable. Practical minimum bend radius optical fiber is generally 20 ~ 50mm, the minimum cable bend radius is generally 200 ~ 500mm, equal to or greater than the minimum bend radius of the fiber. Under the above conditions, the fiber of optical radiation caused by the additional loss can be ignored, if less than the minimum bending radius, the additional loss increased dramatically.

4) Temperature properties

Fiber itself has good temperature characteristics. Cable temperature characteristics of design choice and depends on the configuration of the cable material, the temperature characteristics optical fiber which use of secondary coated loose tube cable is better. When the temperature changes, the optical fiber loss increases, primarily due to the cable material (plastic) than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fiber material (quartz) 2 ~ 3 orders of magnitude, in the thermal expansion or shrinkage process, the fiber produced by the stress. In China, the use of temperature requirements for fiber optic cable, usually in the low-temperature region of -40 ℃ ~ +40 ℃, high temperature region is -5 ℃ ~ +60 ℃.

1.5 Cable moisture measures

A) Radial waterproof - fiber cream and jelly filled cables, metal belt longitudinally, PE jacket
B) Axial waterproof - fiber cables cream and cream filling, water blocking ring, waterproof tape, water blocking yarn, single core strengthening
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Multimode fiber and Singlemode Optical Fiber Play An Important Role In Communication System

Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber and multimode fiber, based on the different transission mode of light. the core diameter of the multimode optical fiber is 50 or 62.5μm, cladding outer diameter of 125μm, or expressed as 50/125μm 62.5/125μm. Single mode fiber core diameter is 8.3μm, a cladding outer diameter of 125μm, expressed as 8.3/125μm. Work has short wavelength fiber 850nm, 1310nm longwave and 1550nm. Fiber loss generally decreases with increasing wavelength, 850nm loss is generally 2.5dB/km, 1.31μm loss is 0.35dB/km, 0.20dB loss is 1.55μm / km, which is the lowest loss of the Fiber Optic Patch Cables, the wavelength tends to increase the loss of more than 1.65μm. Since OH ˉ (water peak) absorption, 900 ~ 1300nm and 1340nm ~ 1520nm range has a peak in the loss, the two ranges is not fully utilized.

The core of Multimode Fiber Patch Cable is thick(50 or 62.5μm), multiple modes of light can pass. However, its mode dispersion is large, which limits the frequency of the transmitted digital signal, and with the increase in distance will be more severe. Therefore, multi-mode fiber transmission distance is relatively recent, generally only a few kilometers. Mentioned Gigabit multimode fiber optic cable, optical system in the optical signal transmission, optical transceivers and fiber inseparable. Because traditional multimode fiber can support Gigabit transmission tens of meters, the new optical transceiver is used with Gigabit applications. Because traditional multimode fiber can support Gigabit transmission tens of meters, the new optical transceiver is used with Gigabit applications, ISO / IEC 11801 has developed a new standard grade multimode fiber, that OM3 category, and in 2002 promulgated in September. OM3 fiber optic for LED and laser bandwidth for both modes are optimized, while require to DMD testing and certification. Adopt the new standard fiber optic cabling system can support at least Gigabit multimode transmission mode to 300 meters, while in the single-mode approach can achieve more than 10 kilometers (1550nm more support 40 km transmission).

The central core of Single Mode Fiber Cable is very thin (core diameter is usually 9 or 10μm), only one mode of transmission of light. Therefore, the inter-mode dispersion is small, suitable for long-distance communication, but there is material dispersion and waveguide dispersion, so that Single Mode Fiber has a higher stability requirements to the spectral width, i.e., a narrower spectral width and stability better. Later found in the 1310nm wavelength, the total dispersion single-mode fiber is zero. Judging from the loss characteristics of the fiber, 1310nm is just a low-loss window to optical fiber. Thus, 1310nm wavelength optical fiber communication has become a very good job window, is now the main practical working band optical fiber communication systems. The main parameters of conventional 1310nm single-mode fiber is determined by the International Telecommunication Union ITU-T recommendations in the G652, therefore this fiber, also known as G652 fiber. Since the above-mentioned OH ˉ (water peak) absorption, 900 ~ 1300nm and 1340nm ~ 1520nm range has a peak in the loss of the phenomenon known as the water peak.

At the same time , because G.652.D is the latest indicator of single-mode fiber, G.652 level indicators are all the most stringent and fully backward compatible. If you specify only the G.652 means G.652.A performance specifications, it should pay particular attention. TeraSPEED fiber are all satisfied G.652.A, B, C and D performance specifications. We believe that the perspective of the user should be applied, the transmission angle distance, forward-looking perspective, the cost point of view. From the above factors, lowest price best investment performance, <strong>Fiberstore.com</strong> is a professional manufacturer of fiber optic cable, we mainly offer optical transceiver ,Mux / Demux , Fiber Media Converter, Video multiplexer, fiber optic patch cord ,fiber patch panel , fiber optic cable connectors and other fiber optic network accessories. Welcome to consult.