50/125μm VS 62.5/125μm Multimode Optical Fiber

Multimode fiber is qualified at two primary wavelengths, there are 850nm (short wavelength) and 1300nm (long wavelength). The TIA-568 requirements for minimum bandwidth of 62.5 fiber is 160 MHz/km at 850nm and 500 MHz/km at 1300nm which usually abbreviated as a bandwidth of 160/500 MHz·km. ISO 11801, the international “equivalent” of TIA-568 has minimum bandwidth requirements of 200/500. In both cases, the lower bandwidth of 62.5μm at 850nm is obvious. That lower bandwidth at 850nm becomes problematic when using VCSEL sources.

On the other hand，50μm optical fiber, has a minimum bandwidth requirement of 500/500 MHz/km. It is manufactured to have a peak bandwidth of ~980nm, thus providing good bandwidth at both wavelengths of interest. Because 50/125μm optical fiber has equal bandwidth at both short and long wavelengths, it is capable of supporting technologies bandwidth at both short and long wavelengths, it is capable of supporting technologies equally well at either window of operation.

The IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet committee published two physical layer specifications for fiber, 1000BASE-SX (short wavelength) and 1000BASE-LX (long wavelength). VCSELs are used for 1000BASE-SX transceivers, so the SX electronics will be significantly less expensive than 1000BASE-LX transceivers using a conventional single-mode laser. IEEE 802.3z says that 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX will operate up to 550 meters on 500/500 MHz·km 50-micron fiber. However, according to IEEE, 1000BASE-SX will operate only up to 220 meters on standard 160/500 MHz·km or up to 275 meters with 200/500 MHz·km fiber. These operating distances are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: IEEE Distance Capability of Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber



While these distaces are far longer than those of 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-TX on UTP cabling, in fact,the 62.5μm fibers do not reach 300m, the distance allowed for multimode fiber in the building riser by TIA-568, becomes problematic for new installations and for existing installations as well.

The distance limitations of 62.5/125μm may prevent an existing network from operating at gigabit per second speeds today, and may pose a greater concern in the event of any facility expansions in the future. 50-micron optical fiber, on contrast, can support over 95% of all the installed fiber network links, while still allowing distance expansions in the future. 50/125 optical fiber will support horizontal cabling (100 meters maximum), centralized cabling (300 meters maximum), and intra-building (inside) backbone cabling (300 meters maximum). The following products shows 62.5/125μm fiber, the products below is Duplex 62.5/125 OM1 Fiber.

 

This is a orange bulk 1000 foot spool of fiber optic cable which intended for large installations where you are completing the terminations. It is a 62.5μm multimode fiber designed to transmit data across shorter distances at LAN speeds. Multimode fiber is optimized to work with fiber optic equipment using light wave lengths of 850nm (nanometers) or 1300nm. The cord is duplex (two fibers) which means it permits synchronous communication between devices. The cladding diameter is 125 microns.

Short-wavelength laser-based technology, the most cost-effective fiber technology today,restricts the application of gigabit speeds on 62.5/125μm to the horizontal space and do not fully support the requirements of centralized and intra-building backbones. On the other hand, 50/125μm can be used for gigabit data rates in horizontal, centralized and intrabuilding backbone segments. The following products shows 50/125μm fiber, the products below is Duplex OM2 50/125 Multimode LC-SC Fiber.

It is specifically designed for use with today's narrower aperture components, this cable is fully compatible with multimode applications. The patented injection molding process provides each connection greater durability in resisting pulls, strains and impacts from cabling installs.

Additionally, 50/125μm infrastructure also works with the same LED-based LAN electronics that are installed and still being supplied. Today’s optical fiber hubs, switches, NIC cards and media converters are multi-mode products not specifically designed to operate with one fiber type or the other. The same connectors are utilized for 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm fiber networks. So, 50-micron optical fiber works well with today’s readily-available LED-based components while providing a seamless migration into laser-based technology, thus making it the best choice. Figure 1 shows the recommended application space for each fiber type.

Figure 1: Fiber Types, Data Rates and Distances
 

The Specific Instructions of Optical Fiber Patch Cord

Optical fiber communication refers to modulate voice, video and data signals to the optical fiber as a communication transmission medium. Optical fiber can be divide into multimode fiber and single mode fiber.

The central glass core of single-mode fiber is fine (core diameter is usually 9 or 10μm), it only can transfer one mode light. The mode dispersion is small, and it is for remote communication, but it plays a major role in the chromatic dispersion, so that the spectral width of the single mode fiber has a higher light stability and the requirement that the spectral width is narrower and better stability. 1000 Mb/s fiber optic transmission distance is 550m-100km. As we all know, we commonly see 9/125μm single mode fiber patch cable in the market. And Single-mode 9/125um Fiber Optic Patch Cables are recommended for Fast, Gigabit, 10G Ethernet or SONET OC3-OC192 rate optical connections. Low prices make the 9/125um fiber attractive for in-building projects too, because of the reliability and choice of using a single-strand of fiber for same communications (simplex cords are used on Bi-Directional data links).

The central glass core of Multimode fiber is coarse (50 or 62.5μm), multiple modes of light can pass. However, its mode dispersion is among large, which limits the frequency of the transmitted digital signal, and with the increase in distance will be more severe. Multi-mode fiber transmission distance is relatively recent, generally only a few kilometers. 1000 Mb/s fiber optic transmission distance is 220m-550m. In general, we can find 62.5/125um Multi-mode fiber optic cable in the market. 62.5/125um Multimode Fiber Cables are recommended for Fast Ethernet and up to OC3/STM1 rate optical connections. They can also be used for Gigabit Ethernet multi-mode connections on distances less than 275 meters. 62.5/125um fiber is most used inside buildings.

In the network wiring, the more applications optic fiber has three types, there are 62.5μm/125μm multimode fiber, 50μm/125μm multimode fiber, and 9μm/125μm singlemode fiber. According to the rate and transmission distance, we can distinguish and choose single/multimode optic fiber. Tied the fiber bundle, outside has the protective housing, which is called fiber cable. According to different application environments, the cable can be divided into indoor and outdoor fiber optic cable.

Fiber refers that the fiber jumper with a desktop computer or device connected directly to facilitate the connection and manage the device. Fiber jumpers are also divided into two multimode and single-mode, which are connected with single mode and multimode fiber. Jumper for an active connection cable between the two devices without connectors (as distinguished: patch (patch cord) is one or both ends with connectors; jumper is at both ends of the cable has a fiber optic connectors, the device can be directly connected, but only one end of the fiber pigtail connector and the other end to the fiber splicing).

Fiber patch cord connector shape can be divided according to: FC, SC, ST, LC, etc. According TO ferrule grinding mode, it can be divided into: PC (plane), UPC (spherical surface), APC (8 degrees inclined plane ) and other (cable optical transceiver general requirements FC / APC connector). According to type of optical fiber, it can be divided into single-mode optical fiber, 50/125 multimode, 62.5/125 multimode and Gigabit, etc. According to the optical fiber connetor, we commonly see LC, SC fiber patch cord in the market, the following products are LC-SC Fiber in our online store, if you have interest, you can go to our store to have a see.

 

Fiber patch cord products are widely applied, it applies in communications room, fiber to the home, local area networks, fiber optic sensors, fiber optic communication systems, fiber optic transmission equipment connected, defense readiness and so on. Apply to cable television, telecommunications networks, computer networks and optical fiber test equipment. Broken down mainly used in several ways.

American Simon Launched MTP Pre-terminated Armored Cable

Based on all series high-performance plug and play of MTP Fiber, pre-terminated fiber optic cable increases the variety of armored cable options. These armored cable supports 40Gb / s and 100Gb / s of OM3 and OM4 which laser optimized multimode fiber optic cable, there are also standard 62.5/125 and 50/125 multimode fiber optic cable, and single-mode fiber optic cable with a package of interlocking spiral aluminum armor. It provides more than seven times than standard cable extrusion resistance. It provide durable and reliable support for the building backbone and horizontal installations in different environments. At the same time, it reduces non-armored cable to protect the common pipeline needs. Compared to add non-armored cable installation conduit, armored cable can be used more than 50% savings in installation costs of materials and labor.

American Simon's pre-terminated 12-core armored cable increments, from 12 cores to 144 cores, the custom lengths precisely meet user needs, and effectively put a high-performance high-density fiber connections exactly on user desired location. These new armored cable become a part of high performance MTP plug and play fiber optic cable of Simon full range. Siemon plug and play solution for all terminated and tested by the factory to ensure the maximum channel throughput, ensure that the key to the future of 40Gb / s and 100 Gb / s applications support.

Whether armored or non-armored, Simon multimode OM3 and OM4 MTP cable have been passed by the Experior third-party independent testing laboratory, according to the latest IEC 1280-4-1 Edition 2 and TIA/EIA-455 -171A standard has sufficient performance margin, confirming support for 40Gb / s and 100 Gb / s applications. These latest IEC and TIA / EIA test process using the new Encircled Flux method that limits the negative effects of the variable optical transmitter mode brings to obtain a more accurate insertion loss multimode optical fiber test and reversal of loss results. Encircled flux method compared to the previous test method can reduce up to 75% of the variability of the test, to ensure more accurate results, and helps eliminate false pass rate. Encircled flux test all Simon products shows that simon has more than 60% of the significant performance headroom.

In order to ensure that each plug and play products are maintained at high performance levels, Simon fiber interfaces for all in accordance with IEC 61300-3-30 Ed 1.0 standards do 100% automated end-face inspection, those restrictions will greatly reduce system performance of surface contaminants. In addition, Siemon plug and play but also on all products in the 850nm and 1300nm two bands do bidirectional insertion loss and return loss testing, and contains a single test results in each product package.

Siemon plug and play the full range of fiber optic solutions include the MTP to LC / SC Plug and Play modules, MTP to MTP adapter panels, and expanded pre-terminated MTP to MTP cable, MTP to LC fiber jumper. The Proucts about LC / SC  Fiber optic cable from fibersotre, seeing following products picture.

Duplex 10G OM4 50/125 Multimode LC-SC Fiber Patch Cable




If you want to buy MTP Optic Fiber products, you can go to our fiberstore, choose the high quality but reasonable price MTP Fiber products. The following are some MTP products from fiberstore, you can clik to have a see, find the useful products for you.



Multi-mode 62.5/125um MPO/MTP OM1 Fiber Optic Cable 12 Fibers

The Progress of Multimod Fiber

In 1976, Corning developed 50/125μm by the graded-index multimode fiber and 1983 by Lucent Bell Labs developed 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber, they are two larger amount of Multimode Fiber. The cladding diameter and mechanical properties of these two fibers are same, but different transmission characteristics. They can provide such as Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI protocols specified in the standard distance required bandwidth, and it can be upgraded to Gb/s rate.

The new multimode fiber standard grades issued by ISO / IEC 11801, Multimode fiber is divided into four categories, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4. OM1 and OM2 refer to traditional 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm multimode fiber. OM3 and OM4 refer to the new Gigabit 50/125μm multimode fiber.

62.5/125μm Graded-index Multimode fiber(OM1,OM2)

Common 62.5/125μm graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Alb type. As the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm fiber is greater, which has a strong anti-concentrating ability and bending characteristics, especially in the 20th century, before the mid-1990s, the lower the rate of the LAN, less demanding on the fiber bandwidth, thus making this fiber to obtain the most widely used, becomes 20 years between the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s mainstream products in most countries data communications fiber market. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types of Alb full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm).

Now you can see the follow products about 62.5 Multimode Fiber

 

SMA905- SMA905 Duplex OM1 62.5/125 Dia2.5mm Fiber Patch Cable from Fiberstore

50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber（OM1,OM2）

Common 50/125μm OM2 Fiber graded-index multimode fiber is the IEC-60793-2 fiber optic products specification Ala.1 type. Historically, in order to reduce as much as possible the cost of the LAN system, widely used inexpensive LED as the light source, rather than expensive LD. Since the LED output power is low, the divergence angle is much larger than LD, while the core diameter and a numerical aperture of 50/125μm multimode fiber are relatively small, is not conducive to efficient coupling with the LED, as large core diameter and numerical aperture of 62.5/125μm (Alb class) fiber enables more light power coupled into the fiber link to, therefore, 50/125μm graded-index multimode fiber in the mid-90s as good as 62.5/125μm (Alb class) that is widely used fiber.

Since the 20th century, a local area network developed up to lGb / s rate, it didn't meet the requirement 62.5/125μm OM1 Fiber bandwidth with LED light source. Compared with 62.5/125μm multimode fiber, 50/125μm multimode fiber core diameter and a numerical aperture smaller, 50/125μm gradient in the number of multi-mode fiber conduction mode refractive index of about 62.5/125μm multimode fiber conduction mode 1/2.5, thus effectively reducing the modal dispersion of a multimode optical fiber, such that the bandwidth is significantly increased production costs .50/125μm multimode optical fiber is reduced to about 1/3. So make it again been widely used. IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet standard provides 50/125μm multimode and 62.5/125μm multimode fiber can be used as a transmission medium using Gigabit Ethernet. But for the new network is generally preferred 50/125μm multimode fiber. Belong OM1 and OM2 fiber types are Ala. 1 full power injection (OFL) bandwidth respectively 200/500MHz.km (850/1300nm) and 500/500MHz.km (850/1300nm).

OM3 Optical Fiber

Traditional OM1 and OM2 multimode fiber from the standard mode and design are based LED, as the operating wavelength of 850 nm, a low price VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) and the emergence of wide application, 850nm importance window increased. VCSEL can be lower than the price of long-wavelength lasers to improve network speed to the user. 50/125μm multimode fiber has a higher bandwidth 850nm window, low price VCSEL can support longer transmission distances for Gigabit Ethernet protocol, and the high rate support longer distances. With the improvement of network speed and size, modulation rates up to 10Gb/s short-wavelength VCSEL laser light sources become one of the high-speed network. Since the difference between the two light-emitting devices, optical fibers must transform itself to adapt to changes in light. In order to meet the needs of 10 Gb / s transfer rate, the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) and the Telecommunications Industry Alliance (TIA) joint drafting of a new generation of 50 μm core multimode fiber standard. ISO/IEC in the new multi-mode fiber grade they will develop a new generation of multi-mode fiber is zoned 0M3 category (IEC standard A1a.2).

OM4 Optical Fiber

OM4 optical fiber is optimized for the 50μm core multimode fiber, currently, the OM4 (IEC standard A1a.3) criteria is actually an upgraded version of an OM3 multimode fiber. Compared with standard OM3 OM4 fiber, fiber bandwidth indicators just do upgrade. That OM4 standards are made ​​to improve the 850nm wavelength effective modal bandwidth (EMB) and the full bandwidth of the injection (OFL) compared to OM3 fiber.

The Introduction Of Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber

Multimode optical fiber transmission performance is mainly limited by the phenomenon of DMD multimode fiber. Multimode optical fiber in the transmission during the pulse, an optical pulse broadening will diverge when such severe divergence condition to a certain extent, between the front pulse is superimposed on each other, so that the receiver can not accurately distinguish each of the optical fiber pulse signal, this phenomenon we called DMD (Differential Mode Delay).There are two main reason, first, the core refractive index distribution is not perfect. Multimode Fiber Cables DMD is the combined effect of the dispersion characteristic of the propagation time between the different radial positions of the incident pulse and the optical mode, the index multimode fiber refractive index profile can be designed well DMD characteristics. But DMD of refractive index profile is very sensitive to small deviations, and therefore it must be very precisely controlled in multimode fiber production, to achieve the perfect design values ??of the refractive index profile distribution. Second, the fiber central depression. A central depression is the refractive index of the fiber core center of decreased phenomenon. This recesses is connection with optical fiber manufacturing process. This will affect the transmission characteristics of the central depression of the fiber, the fiber properties decrease.

Therefore, precise control of the refractive index profile of the fiber and the elimination of the central depression is 10Gb / s Ethernet multimode fiber (OM3 fiber) R & D and production of the main tasks. MCVD and PCVD process is more suitable for the production of OM3 fiber preform. PCVD is the preferred method of manufacturing a multi-mode optical fiber having a number of layers deposited, precise control of the cross-sectional characteristics, the deposition process thousands layer can effectively control the doping amount of the deposited layer to obtain a refractive index distribution required to comply with the theoretical . While the process of collapsing, the recess etching amount by controlling the appearance of pore size can be avoided and the central hub.

10Gb / s Ethernet standard IEEE802.3ae get through, it will a 10Gb / s Ethernet market presented. Development in line with standard Gigabit Ethernet communication products is imperative. Long Fei, Draka, Corning, OFS have been successfully developed in line with TIA/EIA-4Array2AAAC standard 50/125mm laser optimized multimode graded-index optical fiber distribution products. Full bandwidth and DMD injection test results show that the 850nm wavelength, the optical fiber can support the transmission distance of 300 meters above the 10Gigabit network system. Meanwhile, the fiber also supports 10Gigabit Fibre Channel abd 10Gigabit of the OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) standards, and is compatible with low-rate LED light transmission network.

With the rapid development of FTTx, a large multi-mode optical fiber into the interior, in the indoor environment and the narrow wiring, fiber is subjected to high bending stresses, especially in applications where long fibers are usually more compact wound storage box, it will be under a lot of fiber bending stress. With this, the attenuation properties and mechanical resistance to bending the cable put forward higher requirements. To solve these problems, bend-insensitive multimode fibers into being, similar bend insensitive singlemode fiber (G.657), it becomes a major field of research focus on multi-mode fiber.

In recent years, Draka, Corning, OFS has released OM3/OM4 bend-insensitive multimode fiber products. The fiber is compatible with the current conventional OM3/OM4 multimode fiber and optical fiber refractive index profile by optimizing the design, greatly reduces the fiber macrobend additional attenuation, minimum bend radius is generally up to 7.5mm. OM3/OM4 uses bend insensitive multimode Fiber Patch Cables in a way interior simplifies installation, reducing installation costs and reduce the risk of system interruption or failure. Since the bend-insensitive OM3 / OM4 multimode fiber has many advantages, once launched, it was favored on the market of all ages.

As we know, whether single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber, the numerical aperture (NA) is larger, the better its anti-bending performance. This is because the numerical aperture (NA) is greater, the difference by which the core and cladding refractive index is greater, the stronger the fiber waveguide ability. In a multimode fiber, the refractive index difference between the core of the fiber 62.5μm is twice the fiber core 50μm, and therefore the latter bending performance is poor, because the basic pattern of the fiber core 50μm Design is fixed, unable to improve its performance by increasing its resistance to bending refractive index difference. In the design of the fiber, due to lower Young's modulus of the inner layer of the coating material, the outer layer of the coating material to increase the Young's modulus is effective in improving the bending resistance properties. Furthermore, due to lower glass transition temperature Tg of the inner layer of coating material can be improved fiber bending properties at low temperatures. However, in order to more effectively improve the core 50μm anti-bending performance multimode fiber, the fiber must find a way out design from a structure (refractive index profile).

Bend-insensitive multimode fibers OM3/OM4 structure is similar to the standard multimode fiber, bend-insensitive multimode fibers (bend insensitive multimode fiber, BIMMF) the refractive index profile shown in Figure 12. Wherein the green line is a conventional 50μm multimode graded index profile of the optical fiber, blue and red dotted line for bend-insensitive optical fiber in two designs, the three-section of a multimode optical fiber shown in Figure 13. BIMMF distribution index profile, and the same in the core region 50μm conventional multimode fiber, only the ring groove is provided in the region depressed refractive-index cladding region near the core (called trench-assisted multimode fiber ). In conventional multimode fiber, when the fiber bend radius is too small, light intensity conduction mode will escape the core, causing signal distortion. In the bend-insensitive multimode fiber, the refractive index of the ring groove type subsidence area will form an obstacle to escape the intensity wakefield core barriers, thus effectively reduce the fiber macro bending loss.

Figure 12 50μm multimode fiber refractive index profile
Figure 13 Conventional 50μm multimode fiber bend insensitive MMF, and two cross-sectional view BIMMF

 

The Multimode Fiber Proucts on market

 

FC-FC Duplex 62.5/125 OM1 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable



FC-SC Simplex 50/125 OM2 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable

BIMMF bend-insensitive fiber mode field shown in Figure 14: In the conventional multimode fiber MMF, the guided mode in strong low conductivity state, and in close proximity to the core - cladding interface propagating order modes, because the effective refractive index neff close to the refractive index of the cladding n2, it is weakly conducting state (when the guided mode is equal to the effective refractive index neff cladding refractive index n2, the mode cutoff). Conduction state is weak order modes in the fiber bend radius is too small, its intensity will escape the core, causing signal distortion. In the bend-insensitive fiber BIMMF ring depressed trench type refractive index distribution has two light guide interface, the refractive index in the descending interface, the interface to form a light guide. Because of this interface, enhanced guided mode fiber core conductivity, so that the original order modes weak to lead the state into a strong lead state, shown in Figure 14. In addition, the external interface subsidence ring groove type refractive index distribution of the refractive index of small to large, the formation of refractive interface. Since the refractive index profile of this special structure, there is a leakage conductivity mode (leaky mode) in BIMMF fiber. Leakage mode is the solution of the equation in the intrinsic region outside the cutoff, leaky guided mode parsing mode is outside the cutoff continuous, their field is the same, but its intrinsic value, or the propagation constants are complex solutions Eigenequation, thus There are inherently leaky mode attenuation can not normally spread dissemination. The effective refractive index neff leakage mode of the cladding is less than n2. In the conventional multi-mode fiber, a leaky mode consumption decline rapidly, since the refractive index of a conventional optical fiber structure can not support its propagation in the fiber. And it BIMMF fiber, the refractive index in the form of this particular cross-sectional structure, a strong core to maintain close - cladding interface order modes propagating conductivity, thus effectively improve the flexural properties of the fiber.

The Characteristics Of Singlemode and Multimode Fiber

Fiber is short for optical fiber, it is a new kind of optical waveguides, it is optical communication system that most common and most important transmission medium. It consists of a single glass core, the cladding layer close to the core, a primary coating layer and a protective layer composed of plastic cap.(Cylindrical fiber, the core, cladding and coating layers composed of three parts.) Core and the cladding layer consists of two different optical properties of the medium constituting the medium refractive index of light than the interior of a surrounding medium high refractive index. In the periphery of the package as the cover layer of opaque material, as the light is prevented from escaping from the surface during interspersed.

Multimode Optical Fiber

When the geometry of the fiber is much larger than the wavelength of light (about lμm), optical transmission process will be a significant presence of dozens or even hundreds of transport modes, such as the fiber is called multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cables.

Due to different propagation modes having different phase propagation velocity, thus, long-distance transmission is generated through mode dispersion (after long-distance transmission delay difference is generated, resulting in the optical pulse broadening). Side mode dispersion will narrow the bandwidth of multimode fiber, the transmission capacity is reduced, and therefore, multi-mode fiber is only suitable for low speed, short-distance optical fiber communication, data communication is currently a large number of multi-mode optical fiber local area network.

Main products and application performance of multimode fiber in the following
table:

 

The related products about 62.5/125mm Multimode Fiber Patch Cable from fiberstore.com, it is below:

  The product about 50/125mm OM2 Multimode Fiber
 
Single Mode Fiber Cable

When the geometry of the fiber is small, and the wavelength of the same order as the core diameter in the range of 4-10μm, the optical fiber allows only one mode (basic mode) in which the transmission, the remaining high-order mode are all turned off, so that said Single Mode Fiber Cable. Avoid the mode dispersion single mode fiber, suitable for large-capacity long-distance transmission.

IEC 60793-2 and IEC 60793-2-50 singlemode fiber will be divided into B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B2, B4, B5, B6 and other categories, ITU-T also G.652, G .653, G.654, G.655, G.656, G.657 and other recommendations were standardized definition and characteristics of various single-mode fiber, and each part of the GB / T 9771 with reference to IEC 60793-2-50 ITU-T G.65x series formulation.

A given type of single mode fiber, the mode field diameter by (also called effective area), the dispersion coefficient, dispersion slope, wavelength cutoff adapted to optimize the parameters, and access ways for different applications.